Production of green transportation fuels from Brassica carinata oil: A comparative study of noble and transition metal catalysts

Herein, we present the production of jet and diesel range hydrocarbons from non-edible hexane-extracted Brassica carinata oil. The influence four heterogeneous catalysts (two noble metal catalysts: Pd/C Ru/C, two transition Ni/C Ni/SiO2-Al2O3) was investigated at 400 °C. were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, TGA, TG-TPR, BET specific surface area pore size analyzer. upgrading experiments consisted three different approaches: 1) single-step cracking (1-C), 2) simultaneous cracking, hydrotreatment (1-C·H), 3) a two-step process followed by (2-C·H). Reaction products instruments metrics: GC-FID, GC–MS, simulated distillation, CHNS-O elemental analyzer, viscometer, higher heating value (HHV), total acid number (TAN). 2-C·H produced highest amounts desired hydrocarbons. liquid yield 81% with HHV 47 MJ/kg obtained use Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst. All appeared to be regenerable after partial deactivation. Model compound studies performed erucic that accounted for about 40% oil FFA (free fatty acid) profile. pathways proposed according chemical analysis products.